Explanation: Drawing is the process of visually representing an object or concept through systematic lines on a paper. It is a fundamental skill in engineering and various other professions, allowing for the communication of ideas through graphical means.
Explanation: Drawing serves as the language of engineers. It is a universal method of communication that allows engineers to convey complex ideas, designs, and specifications. Engineers use drawings as a tool to express their concepts, plans, and technical information.
Explanation: The size of the sheet is typically not included in the title block of a drawing sheet. The title block usually contains information such as sheet number, scale, and method of protection.
Explanation: The ISI recommended sizes for drawing boards are B0 (1000x1500mm), B1 (700x1000mm), and B2 (500x700mm).
Explanation: The working edge of the drawing board is typically kept to the left of the user for ease of drawing and to maintain a consistent working direction.
Explanation: Drawing boards are commonly made of well-seasoned softwood to ensure stability and prevent warping.
Explanation: The stock of the T-square is placed adjoining the working edge of the drawing board during the drawing process.
Explanation: The working edge of the T-square is versatile and can be used for drawing horizontal lines, serving as a base for set squares, and drawing horizontal parallel lines.
Explanation: Set squares are primarily used for drawing straight lines and vertical lines with the T-square, but they are not typically used for drawing horizontal lines.
Explanation: In a protractor, the semi-circle’s diameter is referred to as the base of the protractor.
Explanation: Drawing pins or cello tapes are used to fix the drawing securely in place, preventing it from moving during the drawing process.
Explanation: When creating a single drawing, it is generally positioned at the center of the paper for a balanced presentation.
Explanation: The working or drawing space on the paper is defined by the border line, which establishes the boundaries of the drawing area.
Explanation: The edge of the board along which the T-square slides is known as the working edge.
Explanation: Cleats or battens are attached at the back of the board to prevent warping and ensure stability.
Explanation: The T-square consists of two main parts: the stock (or head) and the blade. The stock is the shorter, thicker part, and the blade is the longer, thinner part. Together, they form an “L” shape, and the T-square is used as a guide for drawing straight lines.
Explanation: Angles in multiples of 15° can be constructed by using both the T-square and set-square in combination. The T-square provides a straight edge, while the set-square allows for the creation of specific angles.
Explanation: To draw or measure angles accurately, a protractor is commonly used. It provides a circular scale with markings to measure or construct angles with precision.
Explanation: A lengthening bar is attached to the compass when drawing large-size circles, especially those with a diameter exceeding 150mm. This extension allows for a greater radius.
Explanation: Circles with small radii are best drawn using a bow compass, which has adjustable legs to set the desired radius.
Explanation: The scale is not intended to be used as a straight edge. It is designed for measuring and creating proportional representations, not for drawing straight lines.
Explanation: Measurements from the scale to the drawing are accurately transferred using dividers. This tool allows for the precise transfer of dimensions.
Explanation: A bow divider is used for setting short and equal distances. It consists of two pointed legs connected by a bow-shaped frame, allowing for precise adjustments.
Explanation: In a drafting machine, the T-scale is not a component that is typically used or followed. A drafting machine is a specialized instrument used in technical drawing for precision and accuracy. It commonly includes components such as a drawing board, drafting head, scales, and protractors. The T-scale is not a standard component of a drafting machine; instead, the other options (levelling machine, set square, and divider) are more commonly associated with drafting machines.
Explanation: A dust cloth is not considered drafting equipment. Drafting equipment typically includes tools used in technical drawing and design.
Explanation: Large circles or curvatures are drawn using a beam compass, which consists of a long beam or bar for extending the radius.
Explanation: An erasing shield is a thin, flat, metal or plastic tool with various openings. It is used to protect adjoining lines on a drawing while erasing specific areas.
Explanation: To draw thin lines of uniform thickness, the pencil should be sharpened to form a chisel edge. This edge allows for precise and consistent line work.
Explanation: For sketching, a pencil of a soft grade sharpened to a conical point is often used. This combination allows for smoother and expressive sketching.
Explanation: A French curve is a flexible drafting tool used for drawing smooth curves that cannot be easily drawn with a compass or other rigid tools.
Explanation: An eraser is used to remove unnecessary lines from a drawing. It helps in correcting mistakes and refining the drawing by selectively eliminating unwanted marks.
Explanation: The drafting machine combines the functionalities of the T-square, set squares, scale, and protractor, providing a versatile tool for precise and efficient drawing in various orientations.
Explanation: Circles and arcs are drawn using a compass, a tool with adjustable legs that allows for the creation of circles of different sizes.
Explanation: The projection of any feature on the horizontal plane is referred to as a plan in technical drawing. It provides a top-down view of an object or structure.
Explanation: Inking pens are primarily used for drawing straight lines with precision in ink. They are favored for their ability to produce clean and controlled lines.
Explanation: Set squares are versatile tools used for drawing vertical lines, inclined lines, and parallel lines in technical drawings.
Explanation: Drawing boards are often made of seasoned softwood to provide a stable surface for drawing and to facilitate the fixing of drawing paper with drawing pins.
Explanation: H and HB pencils are commonly used for dimensioning and lettering in technical drawings. H pencils provide harder lines, while HB pencils offer a balance between hardness and darkness.
Explanation: The most essential materials for drawing are paper and pencil. These are the basic tools needed for creating sketches, diagrams, and technical drawings.
Explanation: 2H pencils are used for drawing thinner lines. The higher the H value, the harder the pencil, resulting in finer and lighter lines.
Explanation: A 9H pencil is harder than a 7H pencil. In the grading scale, higher H values indicate harder pencils.
Explanation: To draw a very light line, a 2H pencil is used. The higher H value results in a lighter and finer line.
Explanation: The paper size of A3 is 297 x 420 mm, making it larger than A4 but smaller than A2.
Explanation: The size of A4 paper is 210 x 297 mm, commonly used for standard documents and drawings.
Explanation: The number of equal pieces of A4 size paper that can be obtained from A0 is 16. The A-series paper sizes follow a consistent ratio, allowing for easy scaling.
Explanation: The A-series paper sizes follow a geometric progression where each size is half the area of the next larger size. A0 is two times the area of A1, maintaining this consistent ratio.
Explanation: A0 is four times the area of A2. This relationship continues in the A-series paper sizes, ensuring a systematic scaling for different paper dimensions.
Explanation: The area of A0 is eight times the area of A3, aligning with the proportional scaling of A-series paper sizes.
Explanation: The area of A0 is derived by multiplying the area of A4 by 16, showcasing the systematic scaling of A-series paper sizes.
Explanation: Dividers are an essential tool for transferring measurements accurately from a scale to a drawing. They allow for precise scaling of distances.
Explanation: Scales used in drawing typically have a flat and triangular shape, providing straight edges for accurate measurement and drawing.
Explanation: Municipal drawings often use the scale of 1 inch representing 8 feet. This scale allows for a clear representation of structures and spaces.
Explanation: Diagonal scales are employed for measuring distances represented in fractional units on a map or drawing. They facilitate precise measurements of fractional distances.
Explanation: The Representative Fraction (RF) for the given scale is 1/2500000. This implies that 1 centimeter on the drawing represents 25 kilometers in reality.
Explanation: Tracing paper is commonly referred to as drafting vellum. It is a translucent paper used for overlaying drawings and creating duplicates.
Explanation: The approach to starting a drawing can vary, but commonly, it involves starting either from the top and working downward or starting from the left and progressing to the right.
Explanation: Bisecting a line involves dividing it into two equal parts. This technique is commonly used in geometry and technical drawing.
Explanation: The angle between two perpendicular lines is always 90°. This fundamental geometric relationship is widely used in technical drawing and design.
Explanation: The angle between two horizontal lines can be either 0° or 180°, depending on their orientation. This flexibility is essential in various drawing scenarios.
Explanation: Dashed (dotted) lines are commonly used in technical drawing to indicate hidden edges of objects. This technique helps convey the structure and details of an object more clearly.
Explanation: The lines used to depict visible edges and surface boundaries of objects are referred to as outlines or principle lines. These lines define the shape and structure of the object in a drawing.
Explanation: The unseen or inner edges of an object, not directly visible in a drawing, are typically represented by dotted lines. This convention helps distinguish between visible and hidden features.
Explanation: In typography and lettering on a drawing, it is a common practice to leave a space between two sentences equal to twice the height of the letter. This ensures proper readability and aesthetics.
Explanation: In aligned dimensioning, dimensions are placed parallel to the bottom and the right side of the drawing sheet, making them easily readable.
Explanation: Unidirectional dimensioning involves placing dimensions on the bottom side of the drawing sheet, ensuring clarity and ease of reading.
Explanation: The primary purpose of including letters and alphabets in a drawing is to enhance its informativeness. It aids in labeling and providing additional details about the depicted elements.
Explanation: In isometric projection, the angle between the three axes is 120°. This projection method is commonly used to represent three-dimensional objects.
Explanation: The isometric length of an edge in isometric projection is less than the actual length. This reduction is necessary to maintain the proportions of the object.
Explanation: The isometric length of an edge is obtained by multiplying the actual length by a factor of 0.815. This factor compensates for the foreshortening in isometric projection.
Explanation: In perspective projection, the picture plane is positioned between the eye and the object being depicted. This perspective mimics the way humans perceive objects in real life.
Explanation: Perspective projection is utilized to provide a natural and realistic view of an object, capturing both its size and shape as perceived by the human eye.
Explanation: Perspective projection is often employed by manufacturers in marketing to showcase products in a visually appealing and realistic manner.
Explanation: The picture plane in drawing and projection is typically transparent. This transparency allows for accurate representation without obstructing the view of the object.
Explanation: The picture plane is a vertical plane positioned between the eye and the object in perspective projection.
Explanation: The ground plane is a horizontal plane used as a reference in perspective projection. It serves as the base upon which objects are situated in the representation.
Explanation: Perspective drawing serves the purpose of visualizing and representing objects in a realistic manner. It is not limited to civil engineers but is also widely used by manufacturers to showcase products with details in the market.
Explanation: Perspective drawing by a manufacturer makes it easier to express and showcase products in the market, providing a realistic and visually appealing representation. It helps convey the shape and features of the product.
Explanation: In orthographic projection, a cube and a sphere have the same views in all three directions. The top, front, and side views are identical for these objects.
Explanation: Trigonometric is not a type of pictorial projection. Pictorial projections include oblique, orthographic, and axonometric projections, which visually represent three-dimensional objects.
Explanation: In orthographic projection, the view of a circle is represented as an ellipse in one plane and a circle in another. This is due to the projection method and the way circles appear when projected onto different planes.
Explanation: In orthographic projection, projector lines are typically horizontal. They are used to project points from the object onto the picture plane in a way that preserves their true horizontal and vertical relationships.
Explanation: In third angle projection, the top view is positioned above the front view. This is a convention in engineering drawings, where different views of an object are arranged in a standardized manner.
Explanation: In third angle projection, the plan view (top view) is placed at the bottom of the front and side views. This is a characteristic arrangement in third angle projection.
Explanation: In orthographic projection, six views (front, top, side, and their respective opposites) are commonly used to provide a comprehensive representation of an object from different perspectives.
Explanation: Mechanical lines are precisely drawn lines using drawing equipment such as rulers, T-squares, and other drafting tools.
Explanation: Leader lines are used to connect notes or labels to specific features on a drawing. They guide the reader to additional information or explanations.
Explanation: Hatching lines in a section view make an angle of 45° with the main line of the section. Hatching is used to indicate the material of an object in a cross-sectional view.
Explanation: Horizontal lines can be drawn from left to right or right to left, depending on the specific requirements of the drawing.
Explanation: Vertical lines can be drawn from top to bottom or bottom to top, based on the needs of the drawing.
Explanation: Axonometric projection is also known as one plane projection. It is a type of pictorial projection where all three dimensions are shown in one view without distortion.
Explanation: One plane projection includes both axonometric and oblique projections. Axonometric projections represent objects in one plane without distortion, and oblique projections involve lines inclined to the picture plane.
Explanation: Axonometric view/drawing is a type of one-plane projection. It presents an object with all three dimensions shown in one view without perspective distortion.
Explanation: Axonometric drawing involves lines that are perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. This helps in representing objects with accurate proportions.
Explanation: In one-plane drawing, orthographic projection is not included. Orthographic projection typically uses multiple views to represent an object in a standardized manner.
Explanation: The projection of a line on the horizontal can be calculated using the cosine of the angle. In this case, the projection is 100 * cos(30°) = 86.6 m.
Explanation: The point of intersection of the coordinate axes in a Cartesian coordinate system is called the origin.
Explanation: Axonometric projection is a special type of orthographic projection where all three dimensions are shown without distortion.
Explanation: In dimetric projection, two sides are equally inclined to the plane of projection. This distinguishes it from other types of projections.
Explanation: Symbols in a topographic drawing, especially for artificial works, are typically drawn mechanically for accuracy and consistency.
Explanation: The symbol represents a mosque in a drawing or map, often used in cartography and architectural plans.
Explanation: The symbol represents a church in a drawing or map, commonly used in cartography and architectural plans.
Explanation: The symbol represents a tree in a drawing or map, often used to indicate vegetation or landscaping features.
Explanation: The symbol represents stone in a drawing or map, commonly used to indicate materials or construction elements.
Explanation: The symbol represents a school in a drawing or map, often used in cartography and urban planning.
Explanation: The slant for the letter “K80°” is 10°. It indicates the angle at which the letter is inclined.
Explanation: The aspect ratio of a letter is the ratio of its height to its width. For the letter shown, the height is half of the width, resulting in an aspect ratio of 0.5. This ratio provides a visual representation of the proportional relationship between the height and width of the letter.
Explanation: A topographic map is primarily designed to represent the natural features and terrain of a specific area. It includes details such as elevation, rivers, vegetation, and other geographical elements. While it may incidentally depict some artificial details, its main purpose is to showcase the natural characteristics of the landscape.
Explanation: Concept drawings are typically created for the purpose of tendering. These drawings serve to communicate the initial design ideas and concepts to potential contractors or clients during the bidding or tendering process. They provide a visual representation of the proposed project, aiding in the assessment of costs and feasibility.
Explanation: As-built drawings are created after the completion of construction. They document the final state of the project, incorporating any changes or modifications made during the construction process. As-built drawings provide an accurate representation of the constructed facility, aiding in maintenance, future modifications, and compliance with design specifications.
Explanation: Freehand sketches are commonly utilized during the conceptual phase of a project. They allow for the quick and expressive exploration of design ideas. Freehand sketches are an effective tool for brainstorming, communicating initial concepts, and facilitating discussions among stakeholders.
Explanation: Freehand drawing serves multiple purposes in the engineering field. It is used to generate new ideas during the design phase and allows for quick corrections or adjustments to existing concepts. The flexibility of freehand drawing makes it a versatile tool for expressing creativity and refining designs.
Explanation: Freehand drawing in the engineering field is often employed to express design concepts and ideas to clients or stakeholders. It provides a quick and intuitive way to convey the overall shape and appearance of a project, making it easier for non-technical audiences to understand and engage with the proposed design.
Explanation: One common technique for freehand sketching a straight line is to fix two end points and then draw a line connecting them. This method provides a reference for maintaining a straight trajectory while allowing for a more spontaneous and hand-drawn appearance.
Explanation: To freehand sketch a circle, a common technique is to fix a specific point and then draw an arc around that point to create the circular shape. This method allows for a more organic representation of a circle in a freehand drawing.
Explanation: As-built drawings are primarily created for the purpose of maintenance of service work. These drawings document the final state of a construction or engineering project, providing accurate details that are crucial for ongoing maintenance, repairs, and future modifications.
Explanation: When the section plane is inclined to the axis of a cone and intersects all the generators on either side of the apex, the resulting section is called an ellipse. This geometric shape is commonly encountered in engineering and mathematical contexts.
Explanation: When the section plane is inclined to the axis of a cone but parallel to one of the generators, the resulting section is called a parabola. Parabolas have distinct geometric properties and are commonly studied in mathematics and engineering.
Explanation: When the section plane makes a smaller angle with the axis of a cone compared to the angle made by the generator, the resulting section is called a hyperbola. Hyperbolas have unique characteristics and are fundamental geometric shapes.
Explanation: When the section plane passes parallel to the base of a cone, the resulting section is a circle. Circles are well-defined geometric shapes with a constant radius from the center.
Explanation: When the section plane passes through the apex of the cone in a way that it is perpendicular to the base, the resulting section is a triangle. Triangles are fundamental geometric shapes with three sides and three angles.
Explanation: A prism is a polyhedron with two equal and parallel bases, connected by rectangular or parallelogram faces. The bases are identical, and the other faces are rectangles or parallelograms. Prisms are characterized by their straight sides and constant cross-sectional shape.
Explanation: A pyramid is a polyhedron with a polygonal base and triangular faces that meet at a common vertex. The base can be any plane figure, and the triangular faces extend from each side of the base to a single point at the apex.
Explanation: A cylinder is a solid generated by the revolution of a rectangle about one of its sides, which remains fixed during the rotation. The resulting shape has two parallel and congruent circular bases connected by a curved surface.
Explanation: A cone is a solid generated by the revolution of a right-angle triangle about one of its perpendicular sides, which remains fixed during the rotation. The resulting shape has a circular base and a single vertex at the opposite end.
Explanation: When a pyramid or cone is cut by a cutting plane parallel to its base, the remaining portion is called a frustum. A frustum is characterized by a smaller top base, a larger bottom base, and a truncated appearance.
Explanation: Orthographic projection involves representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions using a system of perpendicular projection lines. The term “orthographic” refers to the 90-degree angles formed by these projection lines.
Explanation: Working drawings are prepared for various purposes such as creating a bill of quantities, estimating costs, and providing layout information. However, working drawings are not specifically prepared for providing detailed specifications, which are typically found in a separate document.
Explanation: French curves are drafting tools used to draw irregular curves in design and technical drawing. They come in various shapes and are particularly useful for creating smooth, freeform curves that may be challenging to draw with standard drafting tools.
Explanation: The locus of points for which the sum of the distances from each point to two fixed points (foci) is constant forms an ellipse. Ellipses are common geometric shapes and have applications in various fields, including mathematics and engineering.
Explanation: The locus of the center of curvature is known as the evolute. In geometry, the evolute represents the path traced by the center of curvature as it moves along a curve.
Explanation: Working drawings for a structure at the site are prepared for various purposes, including providing layout information for construction, estimating costs, and preparing documentation for as-built drawings after completion.
Explanation: Free-hand sketching can be effectively done with proper proficiency, good practice, and a sense of intuition. These qualities contribute to the ability to quickly and accurately express ideas through freehand drawings.
Explanation: In isometric view, a circle is represented as an ellipse. Isometric projection involves projecting three-dimensional objects onto a two-dimensional plane with equal foreshortening along eachaxis.
Explanation: In perspective view, all vertical planes are represented by horizontal lines radiating from a distant point on each side of the plane. This type of view provides a realistic representation of objects with depth and foreshortening.
Explanation: The title block on a drawing typically contains information such as the title of the drawing, the scale used, the serial number, and other relevant details. It serves as a key reference for understanding the drawing and its specifications.
Explanation: Auxiliary views in engineering drawings are used to show details of inclined surfaces that are not easily visible or accurately represented in the primary orthographic views. These views provide a more comprehensive and accurate representation of the geometry of inclined surfaces.
Explanation: All axonometric projections are a type of orthographic projection. Axonometric projections maintain parallel lines in each of the three principal directions (length, breadth, and height), making them orthographic and allowing for a distortion-free representation of objects.
Explanation: The surface area of the A0 drawing sheet is one square meter. The A0 size is the base size of the international standard ISO 216 paper sizes, and its dimensions are 841 x 1189 mm.
Explanation: The large size of the drawing board, as per ISI (Indian Standards Institute), is designated by B0. The B-series paper sizes are often used for posters and other large-format drawings.
Explanation: In italic lettering, the direction of the letters is typically at an angle of 75°. This slant enhances the visual aesthetics of the lettering and adds a dynamic appearance to the text.
Explanation: Pictorial projection is a type of projection that represents the length, breadth, and height of an object in one view. Isometric, cavalier, and cabinet projections are specific types of pictorial projections.
Explanation: A cylinder can be created in drafting by drawing a rectangular shape and then using the revolve tool. Revolving the rectangular shape around a specified axis creates the cylindrical form.
Explanation: The T-square is primarily used alone to draw horizontal lines in engineering and technical drawing. It provides a straight edge that can be aligned parallel to the bottom edge of the drawing board to ensure accuracy in horizontal line drawing.
Explanation: The hardness of pencil lead increases as the numeral letter H increases. The H scale in pencil grading indicates hardness, and higher H values correspond to harder pencils that produce lighter and finer lines.
Explanation: T-square and set square are commonly used drawing tools to draft vertical and angular lines. The T-square is used for horizontal lines, and set squares are used to draw vertical and inclined lines at specific angles.
Explanation: Dimension lines in building drawings are typically marked with arrows to indicate the direction in which the dimension extends. Arrows provide clarity in identifying the extent of the dimension.
Explanation: In engineering drawings, visible lines (object outlines) are often represented with thick and black lines to distinguish them from other types of lines like center lines or construction lines.
Explanation: Isometric projection is a type of orthographic projection that is also considered a pictorial projection. It represents three-dimensional objects with equal foreshortening along all three principal axes. Isometric projection is not an oblique projection, but it is a form of orthographic projection.
Explanation: The width of the standard A-series drawing paper, such as A4, A3, A2, etc., is 1/√2 times the length of the paper. The A-series paper sizes are based on the international standard ISO 216.
Explanation: The dimension system is considered unidirectional if dimensions in the drawing sheet can be read from the bottom edge of the drawing sheet. In unidirectional dimensioning, all dimensions are aligned in one direction, typically from the bottom of the drawing sheet.
Explanation: Construction lines in technical drawings are thin and light lines used as guidelines during the drawing process. They are often temporary and are used to assist in the accurate placement of other elements in the drawing. Construction lines do not represent the final form of the object and are typically drawn with a light touch to distinguish them from more prominent lines.
Explanation: Structural working drawings provide detailed information about various aspects of a structure, including covers to the reinforcement, sizes of sections, and the number and size of bars used in construction. These drawings are essential for accurate implementation of the structural design during the construction phase.
Explanation: In architectural drawing, it is important for all letters to be uniform in size and shape, have consistent slopes, and maintain appropriate spacing. Uniformity in lettering enhances the clarity and professionalism of the drawing, making it easier to understand and interpret.
Explanation: An auxiliary plane in technical drawing is a plane that is placed at any angle to the principal planes (horizontal and vertical planes). These planes are used to show additional views and details that may not be easily represented in the standard orthographic projections.
Explanation: The dimension line in technical drawing is generally a thin, continuous line. It is used to indicate the extent or measurement of a dimension and is drawn with a consistent thickness throughout its length. The dimension line may be accompanied by arrows or other symbols to indicate the direction and extent of the dimension.
Explanation: Detail drawings are used to provide all the necessary information needed for the construction or fabrication of a specific part or component. These drawings present relevant and comprehensive details, ensuring that the manufacturing or construction process is accurate and conforms to the design specifications.
Explanation: The trench plan of a building shows the location and dimensions of the footing in the horizontal plane. It provides information about the size and depth of the foundation, including details about the excavation required for the foundation of the structure.
Explanation: The main purpose of working drawings is to facilitate the construction process at the construction site. These drawings provide detailed information and instructions for builders and contractors, guiding them in implementing the design accurately and efficiently.
Explanation: In the city area of Nepal, the approval of design and drawings before the construction of a building is typically done by the Municipality. Municipal authorities review the design for compliance with building codes and regulations before granting approval for construction.
Explanation: An exploded view drawing is a technical drawing that shows the relationship or order of assembly of various parts of an object. It visually represents how the individual components fit together and their spatial arrangement during the assembly process.
Explanation: When the scale of a drawing is changed from 1:100 to 1:50, the space covered by the drawing on the paper decreases. The decrease is calculated as a reduction to half of the original scale, resulting in a 400% decrease in the covered area.
Explanation: A cube is not considered a polyhedron. Polyhedra are three-dimensional geometric shapes with flat polygonal faces, and a cube is a specific type of polyhedron with six square faces, twelve edges, and eight vertices.
Explanation: Solids of revolution are generated by rotating a two-dimensional shape about an axis. A prism, however, is not a solid of revolution because it has a constant cross-section along its length. Solids of revolution include the sphere, cone, and cylinder.
Explanation: In a technical drawing, the extension line is a part of the dimensioning process. Extension lines indicate the points between which a dimension applies. They are used to show the limits or extents of the dimension.
Explanation: A tetrahedron is a polyhedron with four triangular faces, four vertices, and six edges. The triangular faces of a tetrahedron are identical and equilateral triangles.
Explanation: Outlines in technical drawings are commonly referred to as object lines. These lines represent the visible edges and contours of the object being depicted. Object lines are essential for defining the shape and structure of the object in the drawing.